Top 10 Programming Languages for Backend Web Development in 2023‍

If you’re a coding enthusiast, you’re curious about what Backend is and which programming languages are the best for Backend web development. Well, this isn’t just a question that beginners want answers to, but also a lot of well-established web developers need some guidance on what’s currently working for businesses. Which one is preferable for their project?

Let's go over the top 10 programming languages for Backend web development.

What is Backend?

Backend development is what keeps the web and apps functioning.

Backend developers produce code that focuses on the functionality and logic that power the application they're working on. The tech they're working on is never directly visible to consumers.

Backend technologies include servers, apps, and databases.

So, what do Backend programmers do? Backend developers are responsible for designing APIs, writing code to communicate with databases, creating libraries, working on business processes and data architecture, and much more. The precise responsibilities of a back-end web developer are frequently determined by their specific function in the company they work for.

There are several programming languages that Backend developers use to create an app or website that runs smoothly and evokes customer delight! Here’s a list of the 10 best web programming languages that you can use for the best results in 2023.

10 Best Programming Languages For Backend Web Development

JavaScript

JavaScript is considered one of the most reliable backend programming languages. This language is used by programmers for both server-side and front-end development like React js development, PWAs app.

Created in 1995, JavaScript is around 26 years old

Don’t get confused between Java and JavaScript. They’re two completely different languages.

JavaScript’s benefits range from rich interfaces and easy access to resources to a big online community and interoperability. Also, JavaScript is one of the most popular programming languages.

It's noteworthy that web scraping with JavaScript is an efficient method for data extraction. Web scraping with JavaScript has become a popular tool among programmers.

Ruby

Ruby is an open-source backend programming language that was created by Yukihiro Matsumoto back in 1995.

Beginner backend developers choose it because it is a general-purpose, interpreted programming language that is easier to learn than other backend programming languages.

Ruby is well-known for its framework, Ruby on Rails, and its key advantage is rapid development. With over 60000 libraries, it is a very powerful language.

Ruby is easy to learn and comes with robust community support that helps web developers complete projects seamlessly within the deadline. Also, the flexibility and scalability of this Backend web development language make it one of the most sought-after by businesses. You can also find Ruby developers for hire with ease.

Python

To begin with, Python has high popularity among the Python community. It was named TIOBE programming language of the year 2021 for the second time, after gaining the most popularity in a year (+1.86 per cent). The TIOBE Index ranks programming languages based on the number of professional engineers and courses accessible worldwide.

Python is the sixth most popular programming language (67.83 per cent of respondents say it's their favourite) and the most desired language in the Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2021. (19.04 per cent of the surveyed developers would like to learn it). It's also the third most popular programming language, with 48.08 per cent of Stack Overflow survey respondents choosing it.

Python is well-known for its interoperability with sophisticated technologies like machine learning, the Internet of Things, data science, and others. Python is used by many of the world's largest IT companies. One of its most significant advantages is that it can be used for web development thanks to its extensive library of standard libraries, which makes developers' work more efficient and straightforward.

NodeJS

Node.js runs in its own environment, which makes it highly popular among programmers. Furthermore, because Node.js is so efficient, it's often used to create high-end programs for website creation and video streaming.

Node.js is single-threaded, asynchronous, and non-blocking. Node.js is the greatest backend language for real-time applications because of this.

Node.js is one of the best backend programming languages because of a strong developer community. The language's evolution is aided by the active developer community.

NPM, a marketplace for open-source JavaScript tools, is Node.js' default package manager. The marketplace's tool registry contains over 350,000 tools. This provides developers with a wealth of options to choose from. You can do a suitable web developer course to enhance your skills.

PHP

PHP is a useful backend programming language with excellent capabilities and flexibility. In 2022, PHP is expected to be used even more than it already is. Furthermore, PHP's syntax is incredibly expressive, giving developers a lot of creative latitudes.

PHP comes with built-in website development features. It encourages quick website construction by simplifying the process with a simple structure. The app's developers can add functionality without writing complicated and long code.

Developers can use this backend programming language to work with a variety of relational databases. PHP also automates basic web development activities such as session management, URL mapping, and caching, among others. The website is protected against threats thanks to its built-in security mechanisms.

Because the majority of PHP frameworks are open-source, developers have a plethora of choices.

Golang

One of Google's core languages, Go, is a suitable low-level language for engineers who want to work in systems development. It features similar to C and C++ but without the complicated syntax and steep learning curve. Go is an excellent Backend programming language for creating data pipelines, web servers, and machine-learning applications.

Go's powerful multithreading capability, and its garbage collection function for autonomous memory management, are two of its most notable features.

Go is a compiled language with a lightning-fast execution time. It's an open-source language, so ambitious programmers can see their work accepted and enjoyed by programmers all around the world.

Kotlin

Kotlin is a well-known programming language, particularly for developing Android apps. Kotlin is a Java-compatible programming language. You can use this programming language within Java programs that have previously been created.

In addition to creating less code, Kotlin also improves readability. Less coding means fewer errors and more time for developers to focus on other important tasks.

Kotlin was developed in industry rather than academia which is why it is a more straightforward tool than Java for resolving programmers' issues and problems.

C#

Microsoft launched C# as a backend programming language for the .Net framework. C# Developer, on the other hand, is used in a variety of fields, including Windows programs, CLI apps, server-side applications, and game development.

C# is well-known for its ability to run code quickly. Because it can run scripts faster, it is very efficient to use. Cross-platform interoperability, garbage data, and value collection are just a few of the aspects that make this one of the best web dev languages.

Rust

For the fourth year in a row, Rust has been the most popular language on Stack Overflow. Rust is well-known for its multi-paradigm programming capabilities. By using a borrow checker for validating the references, the language ensures memory safety. In comparison to other programming languages, Rust's error messages are far more visible.

When it comes to building solid backend frameworks, the C-like language excels. The programming language is newer than C, yet it is faster and safer than C/C++.

Java

As a multifunctional programming language, Java has a high reputation. Java is a programming language that may be used to create desktop, online, and Android applications.

The main benefit of using Java is that it follows the “Write Once Run Anywhere” principle, which means that compiled Java code may be run on any platform that supports Java without requiring a recompilation. Java code is first compiled into machine-independent byte code, which is then run on the JVM independently of the underlying architecture. Java also enables multithreading, which allows two or more threads to run at the same time to maximize CPU use.

There are a plethora of Java-based frameworks available today. The Spring framework is the most popular framework among developers.

Choose The One That Fits

With so many amazing backend languages, you’re spoiled for choice! The one you finally go for will depend on the exact requirements for your project, the main goals, and your expertise. In terms of community and library, almost all of these Backend programming languages provide great assistance to web developers worldwide.

Compare them, figure out the one that fits your needs and start your dream app or website project!

Author Bio:

Aneesha is a Content Contributor at DistantJob, a remote agency that helps worldwide organizations hire qualified software engineers. Her love affair with writing began when she was only ten years old. As she grew up, filling the pages of her diary with poetry transformed into writing real-life stories, experiences, and tech articles for national and international publications. With more than a decade-long experience in content marketing and business development, her love for all things "communication" is seen in everything she does.